Drone based farming technologies are on the increase. With increasing use of on-board GPS systems in drones, UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) and associated air-borne and land-based systems, there has been a landmark change in industrial and agricultural output. GPS systems ensure seamless coordination of satellite-based communication systems along with the civilian air and land-based navigation and also mobile and internet networks. GPS is used on a routine basis to obtain accurate coordinates of important geographical locations and geo-features, geodesy, emergency mapping and establishing connectivity in the neighbourhood for civilian and strategic applications. GPS technologies are directly reliant on the accuracy and stability of atomic clocks. These on-board atomic clocks are synchronized in a manner such that the time difference of different satellites positioned at different orbits are used to measure the accurate location of a navigation receiver or an object on the Earth using a technique called trilateration. Atomic clocks in a satellite constellation form the heart of the GPS system. The signal transmission and position quality obtained by a GPS system directly depends on the timing reference and relative difference in signal times determined by the on-board atomic clocks present inside the satellites. Atomic clocks come up in different sizes and applications ranging from lab based optical atomic clocks to chip scale atomic clocks (CSACs) that make use of miniaturized components to establish a precision time reference.Ītomic clocks on-board GPS (global positioning systems) satellites play a critical role in positioning, navigation, and communication networks. At the heart of the most precise time-keeping devices ever built by mankind are precision atomic clocks. With the increasing demand for improved accuracy in positioning and navigational applications, the demand for measurement of time has also increased significantly. IAC-19,A2,1,3, and navigation has been key to the growth of human civilization since time immemorial. The results from the flight, including lessons learned and scientific outcomes, will be presented along with a complete characterization of SORCE. \indent SORCE will fly on a high-altitude balloon as part of the 2019 STRATOS campaign (CSA/CNES) in late August from Timmins, Ontario, Canada. %Also, I'm having trouble deciding on which tense to use because future tense sounds like the project hasn't been started, but present tense sounds too certain Optical clocks fluctuate very rapidly ($\sim 10^$ in a 35$\times$35$\times$25 cm package.\\ Examples of such fundamental physics investigations include the BOOST Symmetry Test (BOOST) satellite and the proposed Astrodynamical Space Test of Relativity using Optical Devices I (ASTROD I) mission, which both utilize ultra-stable clocks. Amar Vutha, Canada, University of Toronto YearĢ019 Abstract \noindent The development of optical atomic clocks and optical frequency standards is foundational to the advancement of space-based missions in geodesy, deep-space satellite navigation, and fundamental physics. Lucy Ma, Canada, University of Toronto Coauthorĭr. Ryan Zazo, Canada, University of Toronto Coauthor Shira Jackson, Canada, University of Toronto Coauthor Kristen Cote, Canada, University of Toronto Coauthor The Stratospheric Optical Rubidium Clock Experiment Paper number
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